Am I Excluded Because I am Disabled?

Pengaruh Ostracism terhadap Tingkat Kebutuhan Dasar Individu Penyandang Disabilitas

Abstract

To date, social exclusion (ostracism) is a ubiquitous phenomenon happen in life, including to people with disabilities. Although the negative consequences of ostracism has been massively studied, No. study has specifically examined the consequences of ostracism for people with disabilities. The present study primarily focused on investigating how social exclusion can affect the needs level (i.e., belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence) of people with disabilities. Variables were measured by comparing the scores of needs of people with and without disabilities, before and after exclusion manipulated by online ball-throwing game. Study was an experimental research with a between-subject design. A total of 69 college students were participated in this study. Results showed that exclusion significantly differs the level of belonging, self-esteem, and meaningful existence while disability status only showed significant difference in control variable. Additional result also demonstrated that people with disabilities reported a higher control when being excluded compared to people without disabilities.

Hingga saat ini eksklusi sosial (ostracism) masih kerap terjadi, tidak terkecuali pada individu penyandang disabilitas. Meski telah banyak penelitian yang menginvestigasi dampak negatif eksklusi pada manusia, studi yang secara spesifik meneliti eksklusi pada individu penyandang disabilitas belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini secara khusus ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana eksklusi sosial memengaruhi aspek tingkat kebutuhan dasar (belonging, self-esteem, control, dan meaningful existence) individu penyandang disabilitas. Variabel tersebut diukur dengan cara membandingkan skor variabel individu non-disabilitas dan penyandang disabilitas sebelum dan sesudah manipulasi eksklusi yang diberikan melalui permainan lempar bola online. Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan between-subject design. Sebanyak 69 mahasiswa secara sukarela berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa manipulasi eksklusi berhasil secara signifikan memengaruhi variabel belonging, self-esteem, dan meaningful existence sementara disabilitas hanya memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel kontrol. Hasil lebih lanjut juga menunjukkan bahwa individu penyandang disabilitas justru memiliki kontrol lebih tinggi ketika dikucilkan secara sosial dibandingkan individu non-disabilitas.