THE TRANSFORMATION OF RIQAB INTERPRETATION IN MUHAMMADIYAH ZAKAT JURISPRUDENCE: TRACING HADITH IN SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
Keywords:
Riqab Interpretation, Muhammadiyah, Hadis on Social EmpowermentAbstract
Islam's concern for the institution of slavery is partly evidenced by QS. At-Taubah (9): 60, which designates riqab (slaves) as zakat recipients. However, global social systems have shifted from feudalism and slavery towards egalitarianism, rendering the traditional meaning of riqab less relevant. This study investigates how Muhammadiyah interprets riqab in the context of zakat recipients and traces hadith that implicitly embody values and spirit for social empowerment. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method through library research, data was collected via documentation and analyzed using content analysis. The findings reveal a dynamic transformation in Muhammadiyah's interpretation of riqab by its Majelis Tarjih. From its inception until 2005, riqab was understood strictly as enslaved individuals. In 2006, the definition expanded to include not only slaves striving for freedom but also groups or nations struggling to free themselves from exploitation. By 2020, the meaning of riqab was officially contextualized to encompass exploited migrant workers, victims of human trafficking, refugees displaced by social conflicts, riots, and expulsions, political conflict refugees, and refugees fleeing fascism and racism. This interpretation is grounded in the application of various bayani methods with a burhani approach within the Manhaj Tarjih. Although specific hadith regarding riqab interpretations are not explicitly cited, five core values serve as implicit references when tracing hadith related to social empowerment in Muhammadiyah's fiqh of zakat, beyond the hadith explicitly detailing zakat regulations.
Downloads
References
Al-Bukhari, A. A. M. bin I. bin I. bin al-M. (1442). Shahih al-Bukhari. Al-Mathba’ah al-Kubra al-Amiriyah.
Alimuddin. (2015). Urgensi Lembaga Ijtihad Muhammadiyah dan Perubahan Sosial. Al-Risalah, 15(Vol. 15, 2, 2015), 198.
Al-Madini, M. bin A. bin M. bin ’Amir al-A. (1993). Al-Mudawwanah Al-Kubra (Vol. 4). Tarqim al-Kitab Muwafiq li al-Mathbu’.
Al-Naisaburi, A. al-H. M. bin al-H. al-Q. (1955). Shahih Muslim. Ihya at-Turats al-’Arabi .
Anwar, S. (2018). Manhaj Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Gramasurya.
At-Tirmidzi, A. ’Isa M. bin ’Isa. (1996). ِAl-Jami’ Al-Kabir (Sunan At-Tirmidzi). Dar al-Garbi al-Islami.
Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan, K. R. (2016). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI V 0.5.1 (51)) (KBBI V 0.5.1 (51)). Kemendikbud.
Brown, J. (2017). Scripture, Legal Interpretation and Social Praxis in the Islamic Tradition: The Cases of Polygamy and Slavery (pp. 99–113). https://doi.org/10.1484/M.RELMIN-EB.5.111594
Dewan Syariah Lazis Muhammadiyah. (2016). Pedoman Zakat Praktis . Suara Muhammadiyah.
Hambali, H. (2011). Ideologi dan Strategi Muhammadiyah. Suara Muhammadiyah.
Kamal, M. (2019). Human Trafficking Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Manusia di Indonesia. Social Politic Genius.
Majelis Tarjid dan Tajdid Muhammadiyah. (2025). Sejarah Majelis Tarjih . Https://Tarjih.or.Id/Sejarah-Majelis-Tarjih/.
Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah. (2008). Tanya Jawab Agama Agama 5. Suara Muhammadiyah.
Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah. (2024). Materi Musyawarah Nasional XXXII Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Gramasurya.
Mubhar, M. Z., & Fahmi, Z. (2023). Muhammadiyah Sebagai Gerakan Filantropi; Pemaknaan Surah Al Maun. Jurnal Al-Mubarak: Jurnal Kajian Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 8(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-mubarak.v8i1.1887
Nashir, H. (2014). Memahami Ideologi Muhammadiyah . Suara Muhammadiyah.
Noviadana, H., Utami, T. K., & Mulyana, A. (2025). Peran Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia Dalam Melindungi Hak-Hak Pekerja Migran Yang Menjadi Korban Eksploitasi dan Diskriminasi di Tempat Kerja. Journal Customary Law, 2(3), 13. https://doi.org/10.47134/jcl.v2i3.3312
Peacock, J. L. (2016). Gerakan Muhammadiyah Memurnikan Ajaran Islam di Indonesia. Suara Muhammadiyah.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. (2015). Himpunan Putusan Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Suara Muhammadiyah.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. (2016). Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga Muhammadiyah . Suara Muhammadiyah.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah. (2025). Berita Resmi Muhammadiyah. Gramasurya.
Syamsuddin, A. (2020). Konflik Sosial Dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Agama. Al-Din: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.35673/ajdsk.v6i1.865
Tim Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah. (2003). Tanya Jawab Agama 1. Suara Muhammadiyah.
Wahyuni, S. (2024). Konteks Riqab Sebagai Mustahiq Zakat (Menurut Wahbah Az- Zuhaili, Yusuf Al-Qardhawi Dan Kontekstualisasi Riqab Dalam Masa Kini). Fafahhamna Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 3(Volume 3 Nomor 1,Mei 2024), 21–35.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Student Conference
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
