Abstract
Digital transformation has changed the paradigm of theological education and given birth to the phenomenon of virtual fellowship as a new form of spiritual fellowship. Based on the theory of digital sacred space, this research aims to develop a conceptual model to strengthen virtual fellowship in contemporary theological education so that spiritual experience does not stop at the transmission of information, but results in a vibrant spiritual formation and community of faith. The methodology used is a systematic literature review of Scopus indexed international publications, which covers three main domains: the phenomenon of virtual fellowship, the concept of digital sacred space, and its effectiveness factors in online theological learning. The results of the study show that the application of the Digital Sacred Space Model is able to increase spiritual presence, community cohesion, and the effectiveness of pedagogical interactions. In addition, this model generates an implementive syntax—from digital space design to spiritual evaluation—that can be adapted by theological institutions. The contribution of this research is to provide a conceptual framework and empirical measurement instruments for theological education in the digital era so that it remains authentic, sacred, and deeply shapes students' spiritual character.