Patterns of Verb Weakness (Al-Af‘al al-Mu‘tallah) and Their Morphological Changes in the First Part of Al-Qira’ah al-Rashidah
Keywords:
Weak Verbs, I‘Lāl, Morphology, Al-Qirā’ah Al-Rāshidah, Arabic PedagogyAbstract
This study aims to investigate the patterns of weak verbs (al-af‘āl al-mu‘tallah) and their morphological changes in the first volume of Al-Qirā’ah al-Rāshidah by Abul Hasan Ali al-Nadwi. The research focuses on identifying the frequency and types of weak verbs, analyzing the morphological processes of i‘lāl (phonological modification), and exploring suitable pedagogical approaches for teaching these verbs to non-native Arabic learners. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analyzed verbs extracted from fifteen lessons of the book. The results show 479 occurrences of weak verbs: 36 mithāl, 288 ajwaf, 151 nāqiṣ, and 4 lafīf verbs. The morphological changes observed include deletion, substitution, vowel shifting, and semivowel assimilation. The findings highlight the richness of Arabic morphology and suggest an eclectic teaching method that integrates lecture, deductive, and cooperative (panorama) learning techniques.
References
Abd al-Ḥamīd, M. M. (1995). Durūs al-taṣrīf. Cairo: Dār al-Ma‘ārif.
Aboh, E. O., & Asfaha, Y. M. (2020). Learning and teaching Arabic as a second language: Language structure and sociolinguistic perspectives. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(3), 345–356. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1103.02
Al Hakim, M. L., & Sahrir, M. S. (2019). Challenges in learning Arabic morphology among non-native learners. Journal of Arabic Linguistics Studies, 4(2), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.32996/jals.2019.4.2.12
Al-Lubdi, A. (1985). Al-i‘lāl wa al-ibdāl fī al-ṣarf al-‘Arabī. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ma‘ārif.
Al-Maany, H. (2019). Morphophonemic alternations in Arabic triliteral verbs. International Journal of Arabic Linguistics, 5(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.32601/ijal.050102
Al-Mahrooqi, R., & Denman, C. (2016). Issues in teaching and learning Arabic in the 21st century. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 12(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.22329/jtl.v12i2.4418
Al-Nadwi, A. H. (1988). Al-Qirā’ah al-Rāshidah (Vol. 1). Lucknow: Nadwat al-‘Ulamā’.
Alhawary, M. (2019). Textual enhancement and morphological awareness in Arabic L2 reading. Journal of Arabic Linguistics, 13(1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.24858/arabi.13.1.04
Boudelaa, S., & Marslen-Wilson, W. (2015). Structure, form, and meaning in the mental lexicon: Evidence from Arabic. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 30(8), 955–992. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2015.1027235
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
El Akiki, B., Khoury, R., & Sayegh, C. (2020). Morphological facilitation effect among early Arabic readers. Reading and Writing, 33(4), 1029–1050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-019-09980-9
Fadhilah, N. (2019). Kesulitan pembelajar dalam memahami morfologi bahasa Arab. Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 3(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.29240/jba.v3i1.757
Given, L. M. (2016). 100 questions (and answers) about qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Haddad, R. (2020). Morphological awareness and reading comprehension in Arabic: A review. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 20(1), 45–72. https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.20.1.3
Hamada, M. (2020). Authentic texts in Arabic reading instruction. Journal of Language and Education, 6(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2020.11359
Holes, C. (2018). Modern Arabic: Structures, functions, and varieties (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
Lulu, Z. T. (2023). Morphological analysis of weak verbs in Hujjat Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jamā‘ah. Indonesian Journal of Arabic Studies, 7(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.15642/ijas.2023.7.1.45-59
Luthfan, M. A., & Hadi, S. (2022). Morfologi bahasa Arab: Reformulasi sistem derivasi dan infleksi. Alsina: Journal of Arabic Studies, 1(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.21580/alsina.1.1.2599
Mahfoodh, O. (2020). Text-based learning and morphological development in Arabic. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 7(4), 45–62.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Natsir, M. (2022). Pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan pendekatan analisis morfologi. Al-Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 9(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v9i1.1110
Nurhayati, S. (2021). Permasalahan morfologi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Arabiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 8(2), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v8i2.22110
Ryding, K. (2014). Arabic morphology and syntax. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Saiegh-Haddad, E., & Schiff, R. (2016). The impact of morphological awareness on reading in Arabic. Reading and Writing, 29, 759–787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-015-9583-9
Shaalan, K. (2010). Arabic computational morphology: Machine learning approaches. Natural Language Engineering, 16(4), 361–387. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1351324910000122
Shahbari-Kassem, L., et al. (2024). Morphological distance between spoken and Standard Arabic in literacy development. Reading and Writing, 37(1), 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-023-10408-0
Siregar, M., & Lubis, R. (2021). Tantangan pembelajaran fi‘il mu‘tal di perguruan tinggi. Journal of Arabic Studies, 9(2), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.30997/jas.v9i2.4602
Sukmawati, N., & Hasanah, U. (2022). Penggunaan teks otentik dalam pembelajaran morfologi Arab. Arabiyatuna, 6(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.28918/arabiyatuna.v6i1.5483
Sultan, V. R. (2021). Phonological transformation in Arabic: A historical study of i‘lāl rules based on al-Farahidi. Al-Hibru, 2(2), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.59548/hbr.v2i2.381
Watson, J. C. (2002). The phonology and morphology of Arabic. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Widodo, H. (2021). Analysis of weak verbs in Surah Nūḥ and their teaching. Dar al-Fath Journal of Arabic Education, 2(1), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.47467/daralfath.v2i1.541
Yakin, P. A. (2024). I‘lāl (ḥadhf, qalb, dan taskīn) dalam Nashāḥ al-‘Ibād. Tadrīs al-‘Arabiyyah, 1(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.15575/ta.v1i2.21048
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Heriansah, Hamdal, Muhammad Ichsan Zaini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
